Basque etymology : Query result

Proto-Basque: *kaio

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 a kind of seagull 2 seagull (a large variety, ashy white in color) 3 skua

Bizkaian: (Lekeitio) kaio 2

Gipuzkoan: kaio, (Zumaya) kaio 2, (Donostia) kaio moriko 3

High Navarrese: (Ondarrabia) kaio 2

Comments: One of the words in which the original nasal (PSC *qV̄́ŋɦǝ̄) has been lost: cf. Bsq *(e=)kee 'smoke' (PSC *ḳwɨ̆́ŋħV), Bsq *siHi ‘wedge, skewer, spit’ (PSC *c̣VŋHV́, etc.

Proto-Basque: *kaka

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: excrement, excretion

Bizkaian: kaka

Gipuzkoan: kaka

High Navarrese: kaka

Low Navarrese: k(h)aka

Lapurdian: k(h)aka

Zuberoan: khaka

Roncalese: kaka

Comments: Azkue cites the compounds: beharri-kaka 'earwax', begi-kaka 'eye-sand', sudur-kaka 'dried snot'. An expressive word common to many languages.

Proto-Basque: *kako

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hook 2 two-pronged hoe 3 clothes rack 4 point (of antler) 5 key 6 keystone 7 pole

Bizkaian: kako 1, 2, 3, 7

Gipuzkoan: kako 1

Low Navarrese: gakho 5

Lapurdian: gako, gakho 5, 6

Baztanese: kako 1

Zuberoan: kháko 1, gakho 5

Roncalese: kako 1, 4

Comments: Some forms with kr- are probably expressive: BNV, LAB krako 'hook', etc.

Proto-Basque: *kankano

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 large fruit-stone, large kernel 2 large awkward man

Bizkaian: (Oñate) kankano 1, 2

Salazarese: kankano 2

Baztanese: kankano 2

Comments: Meaning 2 is probably secondary to 1 (cf. Abkhaz: a-ḳaḳán 'nut', etc.).

Proto-Basque: *kasa-l

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bark (of tree) 2 cup (of acorn) 3 dandruff 4 hoof

High Navarrese: az-kazal, ez-kazal 4

Baztanese: kaxal 2

Zuberoan: (Garazi) kazál-da 3

Roncalese: kaxal 1

Comments: There has been some blending with Bsq *asa-l 'skin, bark' (q.v.), but is clearly (from phonetics) a distinct etymon. The ANV words are compounds with *hac 'finger, paw' (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *keda-r̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: soot

Bizkaian: kedar, kedarra, gedarra

Gipuzkoan: kedar, kear, kelar

High Navarrese: kedar

Low Navarrese: (Aldude) kedar, (Hazparren) keder, (Mugerre) kelder, (Aldude) kerrada

Salazarese: gedarre

Lapurdian: kheder, (Ainhoa, Senpere) kelder

Baztanese: kedar

Zuberoan: khedárre, kherrade

Roncalese: gedar

Proto-Basque: *kee, *e=kee

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: smoke

Bizkaian: kee, ke, kei-

Gipuzkoan: kee, ke, kei-

High Navarrese: ke, ki, (Ulzama) eke

Low Navarrese: khe, (Baigorri) eke

Salazarese: eke

Lapurdian: khe, ike

Baztanese: eke

Aezkoan: eke

Zuberoan: khe

Roncalese: eke, (Vidángoz) kee

Comments: Cf. *kino 'bad taste' > BNV kino, LAB khino, ZBR khíño, RNC kĩo.

Proto-Basque: *keru / *kerać

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bitter 2 sour 3 stench 4 to stink 5 grudge, rancor

Bizkaian: kirats 3

Gipuzkoan: kirats 3, keru 3

High Navarrese: (Elkano) kerats 3, (Lezaka) keru 3

Low Navarrese: kirats, karats 3, 4, (Aldude) keru 3

Salazarese: keru 3

Lapurdian: kirats 1, 2, 3, 4, keru 5

Baztanese: keru 3

Zuberoan: khárats, kharatx 1, 2

Roncalese: karats 1, keru 3

Comments: First vowel in kirats may have been influenced by *kino (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *kiɫi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tickle

Bizkaian: kili, kilikili

Gipuzkoan: kilika-tu

High Navarrese: kili, kilika-tu

Low Navarrese: kilika-tu

Lapurdian: kilika-tu

Roncalese: kilika-tu

Comments: An old expressive word, found in many languages (Tamil akkuḷu, Lakher kili, Tagalog kili 'tickle', etc.).

Proto-Basque: *kiri-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hedgehog

Bizkaian: kirikio, kirikirio, kirikiño

Gipuzkoan: kirikirio

Comments: An expressive word, but it matches well with some Cauc. words, e.g. Agul Burshag q̇iribiri, 'hedgehog', etc. < PEC *q̇HwɨrdV.

Proto-Basque: *koco

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: male (quadruped)

Low Navarrese: kotxo, (Amikuse) khotzo

Lapurdian: (arc) kotzo

Zuberoan: khotxo

Proto-Basque: *koću

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 large vessel for keeping milk or water 2 wooden vessel for keeping water and whetstone 3 vessel used by herdsmen 4 small wooden bowl or basin

Low Navarrese: kotxu 3, (Aldude) kotxu 1, (Hazparren) kotxu 2

Salazarese: kotxu 2

Baztanese: kotxu 2

Zuberoan: khotsü, khotxü 1, kotxü-ska 4

Roncalese: kotxu 2

Comments: An eastern Bsq word, this is no doubt the designation of an ancient artifact, with a close phonetic and semantic match in PEC *q̇_HečwV.

Proto-Basque: *koko

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 egg (child's word) 2 food (any kind) (child's word)

Bizkaian: koko 1

Gipuzkoan: koko 1

Low Navarrese: koko 1

Salazarese: koko 2

Roncalese: koko 2

Comments: A child's word, but very similar to Tsakhur q̇uq̇ 'egg'. (Children's words can represent old words that have survived due to their expressive value: cf. Bsq *čiči 'meat'.) This is possibly the ultimate origin of 'coco-(nut)'. (Basque sailors calling the new-world nut 'egg-nut'?)

Proto-Basque: *koko / *kuku

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bug, insect 2 flea 3 weevil 4 louse

Bizkaian: koko 1

Gipuzkoan: kukuso 2, ardi-kuso 2, ar-kakuso 2

High Navarrese: kukuso 2, (Iruñea) kokoso 2

Low Navarrese: kukuso 2

Salazarese: kuku 2, 4

Lapurdian: kukuso 2

Zuberoan: kükǘso 2, kǘkü 3

Roncalese: kikoso 2

Comments: Cf. PNC *ḳ_ăḳV 'a k. of insect'. GIP words compounded with *a=rdi 'flea' (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *kokor̄ ~ *kor-ka

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 throat 2 gullet 3 to stuff oneself, gorge oneself

Bizkaian: korka-mizta 2, kokorro-tu 3

Low Navarrese: kokor 1

Lapurdian: kokor 1

Roncalese: kokor 1

Proto-Basque: *kola

Meaning: nape

Low Navarrese: gar-khora, (Amikuse, Garazi) gar-kola

Comments: The word is attested in only one dialect, but it is a close match of PEC *qHwŏɫwV 'neck, collar'. The forms seem to represent two stages of the sound change *-l- > -r-; but probably -l- was retained in one of the forms as dissimilation from the rhotic in *gar- (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *kolko (~ *golko)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: breast, (external) chest, bosom, space between shirt and chest

Bizkaian: kolko

Gipuzkoan: kolko

Low Navarrese: golko, golkho

Salazarese: kolko

Lapurdian: golko

Baztanese: kolko

Zuberoan: khólko

Roncalese: golgo

Comments: The supposed derivation from Greek kólpos (e.g. Trask 1995) seems unlikely, though the latter (or Late Lat. colpus 'gulf') may have blended with, e.g., (LAB) golko, as in Bizkaiko Golkoa 'Bay of Biscay'. The Romance words (Ital., Span. golfo, etc.) all mean only 'gulf' or 'bay' (geographical), and none mean 'breast, bosom', while the geographical meaning 'gulf' is restricted in Bsq to LAB golko (per Azkue), and recently codified in standard Bsq.

Proto-Basque: *-kone

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: badger

Bizkaian: azkonar

Gipuzkoan: azkonar

High Navarrese: (Esteribar) azkon, (Larraun) azkonar

Low Navarrese: hazkon, (Garazi) azkoin, (Aldude) azkon

Salazarese: azkon

Lapurdian: azkuin, azkon, azkona, azkonarro, azkenarro

Baztanese: azkon

Zuberoan: harzkṹ, hazkṹ

Roncalese: azkoĩ

Comments: Bsq *-kone is a close phonetic and semantic match to PY *kūń 'wolverine'; badger and wolverine are both mustelids, but the NC words have shifted to rodents (mouse, rat). For the first component see *harc 'bear'.

Proto-Basque: *konko-r̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hump, knob 2 joint (of bones) 3 hunchbacked

Bizkaian: konkor 3

Gipuzkoan: konkor 3

High Navarrese: konkor, kunkur 1

Low Navarrese: konkor, kunkur 1

Lapurdian: konkor 1

Baztanese: kunkur 1

Zuberoan: konkor, kunkur 1

Roncalese: kunkur 1, 2

Proto-Basque: *Koroc

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dung (of livestock)

Bizkaian: gorotz, korotz

Gipuzkoan: gorotz

High Navarrese: gorotz, korotz

Low Navarrese: gorotz, khorotz

Lapurdian: gorotz, korotz

Zuberoan: gorotz, khorotz

Roncalese: gorotz

Comments: Trask (1995), following Corominas & Pascual, derives this word from Lat. crocea 'saffron-colored' (!). Agud & Tovar mention another fantastic derivation (Griera) from culotz 'the points that lie on burning coal piles'. Cf. instead PEC *ḳ[u]rč̣V ~ *ḳ[u]rć̣V, with the simple semantic equation of 'dung' = 'dung'.